Disease resistance refers to the ability of a plant or animal to limit or withstand the negative impacts of a pathogen or other disease-causing organism. Organisms have complex physical and chemical barriers as well as cellular and molecular mechanisms to defend against infections.
In plants, disease resistance helps prevent crop losses and maintain yields. There are several types of plant disease resistance:
Plants have pre-formed physical and chemical barriers to block entry of pathogens. If pathogens breach these barriers, plant immune receptors detect pathogen molecules and trigger defense signaling cascades like hormone signaling pathways. This induces expression of defense genes which encode proteins and antimicrobial compounds to stop pathogen growth.
In animals, the immune system provides disease resistance. Physical barriers like skin prevent entry of pathogens. If a pathogen enters the body, the innate immune system provides rapid, non-specific responses. The adaptive immune system then develops pathogen-specific responses mediated by lymphocytes like T cells and B cells. Immunological memory also helps animals mount faster, stronger immune responses upon subsequent exposures.
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